Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Established	1880
President	{{{President}}}
Dean	Henry Pinkham
Degrees	MA, PhD
Enrollment	4,157 students (2005)
Website	www.columbia.edu/cu/gsas/

The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) is Columbia's graduate school. There were originally three graduate faculties that would eventually be combined to form Arts and Science- Political Science (1880), Philosophy (1890), and Pure Science (1892). Columbia conferred its first PhD in 1882 to Charles Wells Marsh for his study "Geology of Water Supplies and Water Analysis". The graduate program was open to women far before any other division of the school. In 1886, Winifred H. Edgerton earned a PhD for her dissertation "Multiple Integers". In 1912, George Edmund Haynes was the first African-American to receive a Columbia PhD. His disseratation was titled "The Negro at Work in New York City".

Since its creation and until the 1990s, the graduate school stood in stark contrast to Columbia College in its standing with the University. While the grad school was called "the Jewel in Columbia's Crown," successive University presidents considered the undergraduate school a waste of resources that could instead be lavished on what was for the first half of the 20th century one of the indisputably best graduate schools in the country, if not the world. It's no coincidence that Columbia was able to attract so many world famous researchers- they weren't required by the school to teach undergraduates.

The school, and faculties, only stumbled as a result of the financial crunch imposed by the depression, and then the calamitous financial free fall of the 60s and 70s that imposed hiring freezes among other cost cutting measures.